To be to
Kelishilgan reja va rasmiy koʻrsatma konstruksiyasi
Yasalishi
Tasdiq
S
The students are to wait outside.Talabalar tashqarida kutib turishlari kerak.
Inkor
S
The students are not to wait outside.Talabalar tashqarida kutib turmasliklari kerak.
Savol
Am / Is / Are
Are the students to wait outside?Talabalar tashqarida kutib turishlari kerakmi?
To be to nima?
to be to oldindan kelishilgan reja yoki rasmiy tartibni bildiradi. Bu shaxsiy qaror emas — jadval, buyruq yoki kelishuv natijasi. Shuning uchun u koʻproq rasmiy uslubda va yangiliklarda uchraydi.
Tasdiq shakli
Oʻzgaruvchi qism — faqat to be feʼli. U ega va zamonga qarab am, is, are, was yoki were boʻladi.
| Zamon | Yasalishi | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| hozirgi zamon | S + am / is / are to + V | She is to arrive at six |
| oʻtgan zamon | S + was / were to + V | She was to arrive at six |
The delegation is to arrive on Monday.Delegatsiya dushanba kuni yetib keladi.
We were to meet at the station.Biz bekatda uchrashishimiz kerak edi.
Inkor shakli
not be feʼlidan keyin turadi. Inkor shakli koʻpincha taqiq maʼnosini beradi va must not ga yaqin eshitiladi.
| Zamon | Yasalishi | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| hozirgi zamon | S + am / is / are not to + V | You are not to leave |
| oʻtgan zamon | S + was / were not to + V | You were not to leave |
You are not to leave the room.Xonadan chiqmasligingiz kerak.
The documents were not to be copied.Hujjatlardan nusxa olinmasligi kerak edi.
Savol shakli
Savolda be feʼli egadan oldinga chiqadi — to be feʼlining oddiy qoidasi bu yerda ham ishlaydi.
| Savol turi | Yasalishi | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| umumiy savol | Am / Is / Are + S + to + V? | Am I to wait here? |
| maxsus savol | QW + is / are + S + to + V? | When are we to start? |
Am I to wait here?Shu yerda kutishim kerakmi?
When are we to start the work?Ishni qachon boshlashimiz kerak?
Oʻtgan zamonda
was / were to — reja bor edi va u bajarildi. was / were to have va V3 esa aksincha: reja bor edi, lekin amalga oshmadi.
| Maʼno | Shakli | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| reja bajarildi | was / were to + V | The train was to leave at six |
| reja bajarilmadi | was / were to have + V3 | The train was to have left at six |
The train was to leave at six.Poyezd oltida joʻnashi kerak edi.
The train was to have left at six.Poyezd oltida joʻnashi kerak edi, lekin joʻnamadi.
Maʼnolari
to be to quyidagi maʼnolarda ishlatiladi.
Kelishilgan reja
Rasmiy jadval, tadbir yoki kelishuv boʻyicha belgilangan ish. Bu yerda reja shaxsiy emas — uni tashkilot yoki kelishuv belgilaydi, shuning uchun going to dan ajralib turadi: going to niyatni, am to esa tayinlangan tartibni bildiradi. Yangiliklar tilida koʻp uchraydi.
The minister is to visit the factory tomorrow.Vazir ertaga zavodga tashrif buyuradi.
The results are to be announced on Friday.Natijalar juma kuni eʼlon qilinadi.
They are to sign the agreement next week.Ular kelasi hafta bitimni imzolashadi.
Koʻrsatma va buyruq
Rahbar yoki qoida talab qilgan ish. Ohangi qatʼiy, lekin must chalik shaxsiy emas: must da talab gapiruvchidan keladi, bu yerda esa yuqoridan. You are to report to the manager at once — buyruq berilgan, kim berganini aytish shart emas. Shu sababli u harbiy va idoraviy tilda tez-tez uchraydi.
You are to report to the manager at once.Darhol menejerga xabar berishingiz kerak.
The children are to be in bed by nine.Bolalar toʻqqizgacha yotishlari kerak.
Nobody is to touch these papers.Bu qogʻozlarga hech kim tegmasligi kerak.
Taqiq
Inkor shakli rasmiy taqiqni bildiradi va eʼlon bilan yoʻriqnomalarda uchraydi: Visitors are not to use the side entrance. Maʼnosi must not ga teng, lekin ohangi betarafroq — shaxsiy taʼqiq emas, tartib qoidasi. Soʻzlashuvda esa deyarli ishlatilmaydi.
Visitors are not to use the side entrance.Tashrif buyuruvchilar yon eshikdan foydalanmasliklari kerak.
You are not to mention this to anyone.Bu haqda hech kimga aytmasligingiz kerak.
The machine is not to be switched off.Mashinani oʻchirish mumkin emas.
Oldindan belgilangan voqea
Hikoya va tarixiy matnlarda: keyinchalik sodir boʻlgan, oʻshanda hali maʼlum boʻlmagan voqea. He was to become the youngest director — oʻsha paytda bu hali bilinmagan, muallif esa allaqachon biladi. Shakl would ga yaqin, lekin undan koʻra muqarrarroq eshitiladi — taqdir maʼnosi bor.
He was to become the youngest director.U eng yosh direktor boʻlishi kerak edi.
They were never to see each other again.Ular boshqa hech qachon koʻrishmadilar.
That decision was to change everything.Oʻsha qaror hamma narsani oʻzgartirdi.
Rasmiy eʼlon va jadvalda
Matbuot xabari va rasmiy jadvalda belgilangan voqeani bildiradi; ohangi betaraf va rasmiy. The results are to be announced on Friday — kim eʼlon qilishi aytilmaydi, chunki muhimi tartib. Shuning uchun bu shakl koʻpincha majhul nisbat bilan birga keladi.
The exhibition is to open next Tuesday.Koʻrgazma kelasi seshanba kuni ochiladi.
The results are to be published on Friday.Natijalar juma kuni eʼlon qilinadi.
A new bridge is to be built over the river.Daryo ustida yangi koʻprik quriladi.
Amalga oshmagan reja
was to have shakli belgilangan, lekin bajarilmagan ishni bildiradi: The train was to have left at six — joʻnashi kerak edi, joʻnamadi. was to dan farqi aniq: u faqat rejani aytadi, bajarilganini ham, bajarilmaganini ham bildirmaydi. Koʻpincha gapda sabab ham keladi.
The meeting was to have started at nine.Yigʻilish toʻqqizda boshlanishi kerak edi.
She was to have joined us, but she fell ill.U bizga qoʻshilishi kerak edi, lekin kasal boʻlib qoldi.
They were to have signed the contract last week.Ular shartnomani oʻtgan hafta imzolashlari kerak edi.
Must va To be to
Must
You must submit the form.Blankani topshirishingiz shart — bu umumiy talab.
To be to
You are to submit the form by noon.Blankani tushga qadar topshirishingiz kerak — bu belgilangan tartib.