To be going to
Rejalashtirilgan kelajak
Yasalishi
Tasdiq
S
They are going to buy a new car.Ular yangi mashina sotib olishadi.
Inkor
S
They are not going to buy a new car.Ular yangi mashina sotib olishmaydi.
Savol
Am / Is / Are
Are they going to buy a new car?Ular yangi mashina sotib olishadimi?
To be going to nima?
Bu konstruksiya kelajakni hozirgi paytdagi asos bilan bogʻlaydi: yo qaror allaqachon qabul qilingan, yo alomat koʻz oldingizda turibdi. Oʻzbek tilidagi -moqchi qoʻshimchasiga yaqin.
Tasdiq shakli
Faqat to be feʼli shaxsga qarab oʻzgaradi. going to va undan keyingi feʼl hech qachon oʻzgarmaydi.
| Shaxs | Shakl | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| I | am going to | I am going to wait |
| he / she / it | is going to | She is going to wait |
| we / you / they | are going to | They are going to wait |
I am going to visit my grandmother.Buvimnikiga boraman.
They are going to buy a new car.Ular yangi mashina sotib olishadi.
Inkor shakli
not to be feʼlidan keyin qoʻyiladi. Soʻzlashuvda isn't va aren't qisqartmalari ishlatiladi.
| Shaxs | Shakl | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not going to | I am not going to wait |
| he / she / it | is not (isn't) going to | She isn't going to wait |
| we / you / they | are not (aren't) going to | They aren't going to wait |
She is not going to change her mind.U fikrini oʻzgartirmaydi.
We are not going to wait any longer.Biz boshqa kutmaymiz.
Savol shakli
Savolda to be feʼli egadan oldinga chiqadi. Soʻroq soʻzi boʻlsa, u eng boshida turadi.
| Shaxs | Shakl | Namuna |
|---|---|---|
| I | Am I going to ...? | Am I going to wait? |
| he / she / it | Is he going to ...? | Is he going to wait? |
| we / you / they | Are they going to ...? | Are they going to wait? |
Are you going to apply for this job?Bu ishga ariza berasizmi?
What is he going to say?U nima deydi?
Qoʻllanilishi
Konstruksiya toʻrt asosiy holatda uchraydi.
Oldindan qabul qilingan qaror
Gapirilayotgan paytdan oldin qilingan reja — qaror allaqachon qabul qilingan. will dan farqi aynan shunda: I will call her qaror shu daqiqada tugʻilganini, I am going to call her esa oldindan moʻljallanganini bildiradi. Shuning uchun rejani aytishda deyarli doim shu shakl ishlatiladi.
We are going to move to another city in autumn.Kuzda boshqa shaharga koʻchamiz.
I am going to learn Spanish this year.Bu yil ispan tilini oʻrganaman.
They are going to open a second shop.Ular ikkinchi doʻkon ochishadi.
Koʻrinib turgan alomat
Hozirgi dalil kelajakni oldindan aytishga asos beradi: bulut, yonayotgan chiroq, chayqalayotgan narvon. Bu yerda will ishlatilmaydi, chunki u dalilga tayanmaydi — will shunchaki fikr bildiradi. Dalil koʻrinib tursa, tanlov bitta: Look at those clouds — it is going to rain.
Look at those clouds — it is going to rain.Anavi bulutlarga qara — yomgʻir yogʻadi.
The battery is low; the phone is going to switch off.Batareya kam; telefon oʻchadi.
He is going to fall off that ladder.U anavi narvondan yiqiladi.
Yaqin niyat
Deyarli shu zahoti bajariladigan harakat: I am going to call her right now. Bu maʼnoda u be about to ga yaqin, lekin undan kamroq shoshilinch. Vaqt koʻrsatkichi boʻlishi shart emas — yaqinlik ohangning oʻzidan bilinadi.
I am going to call her right now.Hozir unga qoʻngʻiroq qilaman.
We are going to start without him.Biz usiz boshlaymiz.
She is going to tell them the truth.U ularga haqiqatni aytadi.
Oʻtmishdagi amalga oshmagan reja
was / were going to — niyat bor edi, lekin bajarilmadi: We were going to leave early, but the car broke down. Reja bekor boʻlgani shu shaklning oʻzidan bilinadi, alohida aytilmaydi. Reja bajarilgan boʻlsa, oddiy Past Simple yetarli.
I was going to call you, but I forgot.Sizga qoʻngʻiroq qilmoqchi edim, lekin unutdim.
They were going to sell the house.Ular uyni sotmoqchi edilar.
She was going to say something, then stopped.U nimadir aytmoqchi edi, keyin toʻxtadi.
Ogohlantirish va tahdidda
Koʻzga koʻrinib turgan xavf haqida ogohlantirish: He is going to fall off that ladder. will bu yerda kuchsizroq eshitiladi, chunki u dalilga tayanmaydi. Ogohlantirish shoshilinch boʻlgani uchun gap koʻpincha Look out! yoki Be careful! bilan boshlanadi.
Be careful, you are going to spill it.Ehtiyot boʻling, toʻkib yuborasiz.
If you keep shouting, someone is going to complain.Baqirishda davom etsangiz, kimdir shikoyat qiladi.
That shelf is going to fall.Anavi javon yiqiladi.
Shart gaplarda
Shart bajarilsa, oldindan aytilgan natija yuz beradi. Bosh qismda going to dalilga asoslangan bashoratni bildiradi, shart qismida esa Present Simple turadi — will bilan boʻlgani kabi. Ikki shakl bu yerda almashadi, lekin ohang farq qiladi: going to ishonchliroq eshitiladi.
If we do not leave now, we are going to be late.Hozir chiqmasak, kechikamiz.
If the rain stops, they are going to play outside.Yomgʻir toʻxtasa, ular tashqarida oʻynashadi.
If she agrees, we are going to start on Monday.U rozi boʻlsa, dushanbadan boshlaymiz.
Payt koʻrsatkichlari
Yaqin kelajak
Niyat belgisi
We are going to Samarkand next week.Kelasi hafta Samarqandga boramiz.
He is coming home in May.U may oyida uyga qaytadi.
going to va will
going to
I am going to paint the kitchen this weekend.Dam olish kunlari oshxonani boʻyayman — reja avvaldan bor.
will
The bag is heavy — I will help you.Sumka ogʻir — yordam beraman: qaror shu zahoti tugʻildi.