Past Perfect Continuous
Oʻtgan tugallanmagan davomli zamon
Yasalishi
Tasdiq
S
She had been waiting for an hour.U bir soatdan beri kutayotgan edi.
Inkor
S
She had not been waiting for an hour.U bir soatdan beri kutayotgan emas edi.
Savol
Had
Had she been waiting for an hour?U bir soatdan beri kutayotganmidi?
Past Perfect Continuous nima?
Past Perfect Continuous — oʻtmishdagi biror nuqtaga qadar davom etgan ishni bildiradi. Present Perfect Continuous dan farqi shuki, sanoq nuqtasi hozir emas, oʻtmishda turadi.
Tasdiq shakli
Yordamchi qism had been barcha shaxslarda oʻzgarmaydi. Asosiy feʼl -ing bilan turadi.
| Shaxs | Yordamchi | Feʼl | Namuna |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | had been | V-ing | I had been waiting |
| he / she / it | had been | V-ing | she had been waiting |
She had been waiting for an hour.U bir soatdan beri kutayotgan edi.
They had been driving all night.Ular tun boʻyi mashina haydashayotgan edi.
Inkor shakli
Inkor had va been orasiga not qoʻyish bilan yasaladi. Qisqa shakli — hadn't been.
| Shaxs | Yordamchi | Feʼl | Namuna |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | had not (hadn't) been | V-ing | I had not been waiting |
| he / she / it | had not (hadn't) been | V-ing | she had not been waiting |
He had not been feeling well.Uning tobi yaxshi emas edi.
We had not been living there long.Biz u yerda uzoq yashamagan edik.
Savol shakli
Savolda had egadan oldinga chiqadi, been V-ing oʻz joyida qoladi.
| Yordamchi | Shaxs | Feʼl | Namuna |
|---|---|---|---|
| Had | I / you / we / they | been V-ing? | Had you been waiting? |
| Had | he / she / it | been V-ing? | Had she been waiting? |
Had you been working there before?Siz ilgari u yerda ishlaganmidingiz?
How long had she been studying French?U qancha vaqtdan beri fransuz tilini oʻrganayotgan edi?
Qoʻllanilishi
Past Perfect Continuous quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi.
Oʻtmishdagi nuqtaga qadar davom etgan ish
Ish oʻtmishdagi ikkinchi voqeagacha yoki aniq vaqtgacha davom etgan va oʻsha nuqtada hali ketayotgan edi. Sanoq nuqtasi hozir emas, oʻtmishdagi voqea — shuning uchun gapda ikkinchi ish yoki vaqt koʻrsatkichi boʻlishi kerak: before she returned, by the time we arrived.
By noon he had been working for six hours.Tushga qadar u olti soat ishlagan edi.
She had been teaching for years before she retired.Nafaqaga chiqquncha u yillar davomida dars bergan edi.
They had been saving money since spring.Ular bahordan beri pul yigʻishayotgan edi.
Oʻtmishdagi holatning sababi
Oldin uzoq ketgan ish keyingi holatni tushuntiradi: yoʻl hoʻl edi, chunki yomgʻir yogʻayotgan edi. Bu yerda ikki gap sabab-natija bilan bogʻlanadi va Past Perfect Continuous sababni bildiradi. Oddiy Past Perfect ham mumkin, lekin u natijani koʻrsatadi, jarayonni emas.
The road was wet — it had been raining.Yoʻl nam edi — yomgʻir yoqqan edi.
His hands were dirty because he had been fixing the car.Uning qoʻllari kir edi, chunki mashinani tuzatayotgan edi.
She was tired — she had been cleaning all morning.U charchagan edi — ertalabdan beri tozalayotgan edi.
Davomiylikni taʼkidlash
Ish qancha vaqt ketgani gapning asosiy mazmuni boʻlganda. for va since deyarli doim boʻladi: They had been driving for six hours. Agar muddat emas, bajarilgan hajm muhim boʻlsa, Past Perfect kerak: They had driven three hundred kilometres.
We had been walking for two hours when it got dark.Qorongʻi tushganda biz ikki soat yurgan edik.
He had been playing the guitar since childhood.U bolaligidan beri gitara chalardi.
The shop had been losing money for months.Doʻkon bir necha oydan beri zarar koʻrayotgan edi.
Koʻchirma nutqda
Toʻgʻri nutqdagi Present Perfect Continuous koʻchirma nutqqa oʻtganda shu zamonga aylanadi: I have been waiting → He said he had been waiting. Past Continuous ham shu shaklga oʻtishi mumkin, shuning uchun koʻchirma nutqda asl zamonni faqat kontekstdan bilish mumkin.
He said he had been looking for a job.U ish qidirayotganini aytdi.
She told me she had been feeling ill.U menga oʻzini yomon his qilayotganini aytdi.
They admitted they had been arguing.Ular janjallashganlarini tan olishdi.
Qancha vaqt davom etganini soʻrashda
Oʻtmishdagi nuqtaga qadar ish qancha choʻzilganini soʻraydi: How long had you been standing there? Javobda for yoki since keladi. Savolda vaqt nuqtasi koʻrsatilishi kerak — u boʻlmasa, savol Present Perfect Continuous ga oʻtadi va hozirgi paytga tegishli boʻlib qoladi.
How long had you been standing there?U yerda qancha vaqtdan beri turgandingiz?
How long had the engine been making that noise?Motor oʻsha tovushni qancha vaqtdan beri chiqarayotgandi?
How long had she been living abroad before she returned?Qaytishidan oldin u chet elda qancha yashagandi?
Takroriy urinishlardan keyin
Natijaga yetgunga qadar ish bir necha marta takrorlangan: uzoq urinish va uning yakuni bitta gapda koʻrinadi. She had been calling him all morning before he finally answered — urinishlar Past Perfect Continuous da, yakun Past Simple da. Shu taqsimot sabab bilan natijani ajratib turadi.
They had been calling for an hour before someone answered.Kimdir javob bergunicha ular bir soat qoʻngʻiroq qilishgandi.
He had been applying for months when the offer came.Taklif kelganda u bir necha oydan beri ariza berayotgandi.
We had been searching all evening before we found it.Topgunimizcha butun kechqurun qidirgandik.
Payt koʻrsatkichlari
Davomiylik
Chegara
Soʻroq
Past Perfect Continuous va Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
She had been writing the report.U hisobotni yozayotgan edi.
Past Perfect
She had written the report.U hisobotni yozib boʻlgan edi.